Category Archives: Polling

Premature Polling Results

By Jim Ellis — Monday, March 3, 2025

Polling

President Donald Trump / Photo by Gage Skidmore

There are a number of current political studies surfacing that provide conflicting data or test political campaigns that clearly won’t happen. Yet, they still produce some marginally useful information.

The first set of contradictory surveys pertains to recent job approval ratings for President Donald Trump. The two polls in question produced diametrically opposed results when asking the same question during the same time period.

The American Research Group tested the Trump favorability rating over the Feb. 17-20 period (1,004 registered US voters; live interview) and found the President with an upside-down ratio, 43:51 percent favorable to unfavorable, a negative spread of eight percentage points.

Within the same time frame, Harvard University (HarrisX/Harris Poll; Feb. 19-20; 2,443 registered US voters; online) also tested the American registered voter electorate but found a completely different favorability ratio. According to the Harvard data, Trump has a positive rating spread of nine percentage points, 52:43 percent favorable to unfavorable.

Therefore, the two professionally conducted surveys, executed within the same period (Feb. 17-20), and targeting a like audience (registered voters) for the same purpose (testing presidential job approval) arrive at completely different responses.

It is probable that the more positive Harvard poll is closer to the accuracy mark, as another surveyor, the Morning Consult data organization, conducted a national tracking poll within the same late February period. The MC study (Feb. 21-24; 2,225 registered US voters; online) projects Trump with a plus-3 favorable job approval ratio, 50:47 percent.

The large disparity found within these and other similar conducted surveys over the weeks since President Trump began his second term on Jan. 20, suggest certain polling flaws or that the public is displaying inconsistent hot and cold tendencies toward the former and current chief executive. Even the latter potential conclusion, however, is an improvement when compared to the President’s first term standing when his approval ratings were uniformly negative.

A newly released campaign poll should be ignored, but not because the data results are necessarily wrong. The reason is one of the tested principals has definitively stated he is not running for the Senate.

The campaign in question is the 2026 Massachusetts Senate race featuring incumbent Sen. Ed Markey (D), who has been in Congress since 1976 counting his long career in the House, and former two-term Gov. Charlie Baker (R). Baker, now president of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), has repeatedly said that he will not run for the Senate.

The survey, from the University of Massachusetts (YouGov; Feb. 14-20; 700 Massachusetts adults; online), posts Sen. Markey to only a two-point edge over ex-Gov. Baker, 35-33 percent. Aside from testing a candidate who is not running, the sampling universe consists of adults and not likely or even registered voters. Therefore, the poll results, which also appear to under-count each man’s support, are not useful.

Another questionable statewide survey, but one that does monitor candidates who are running, tests the Virginia electorate regarding their open 2025 Governor’s campaign.

The Roanoke College Institute for Policy and Opinion Research, which has been known in the past for releasing certain unusual survey results that were later proven as anomalies, fielded their study of 690 likely Virginia general election voters over the Feb. 17-20 period. The Roanoke ballot test sees former Rep. Abigail Spanberger (D) leading Lt. Gov. Winsome Earle Sears (R) by a 39-24 percent spread, which appears to underestimate not only Sears’ support, but also Spanberger’s.

Furthermore, their ballot test results are inconsistent with the other five Virginia Governor polls conducted and publicized since the 2024 election. The latter surveys, from five different pollsters, cast Spanberger and Sears in a dead heat (co/efficient survey research firm), Spanberger plus-1 (Emerson College), plus-3 (Mason-Dixon Polling & Strategy), plus-5 (Christopher Newport University), and Spanberger plus-10 (Virginia Commonwealth University).

While these polls still provide some useful information, those currently testing political campaigns produce results so early in the election cycle that typically fail to properly capture the studied candidates’ accurate standing in reference to a future final result. This is because polls can only test one point in time.

Therefore, once we see campaigns beginning to spend voter contact money to deliver their message and project a theme, the ballot test results can be more seriously considered and analyzed.

Ohio: Ramaswamy In, Trump Endorses

By Jim Ellis — Tuesday, Feb. 25, 2025

Governor

Republican Vivek Ramaswamy / Photo by Gage Skidmore

Businessman and former presidential candidate Vivek Ramaswamy (R) released his official Ohio Governor’s campaign website at the end of last week, thus kicking off the contest to succeed term-limited Gov. Mike DeWine (R) and yesterday he received a big boost.

The Republican primary race already appears to be evolving into a two-way battle between Ramaswamy, leading in all early nomination campaign polling, and two-term Attorney General Dave Yost.

A newly released Yost campaign survey, however, suggests the race could eventually tighten, and that an endorsement from President Donald Trump for one of the candidates could prove determinative. Yesterday, the President gave Ramaswamy his “complete and total endorsement.”

The National Public Affairs polling organization conducted an early February Ohio survey for the Yost campaign (Feb. 2-5; 602 likely Ohio Republican primary voters; live interview and text) and, like other research studies, found Ramaswamy posting a major lead, 46-18 percent.

Earlier, WPA Intelligence (Jan. 28-30; 600 likely Ohio Republican primary voters) saw Ramaswamy holding a 57-28 percent advantage over Yost. The Fabrizio Lee & Associates firm also tested the state in late January (Jan. 26-27; 600 likely Ohio Republican primary voters) and projected the Ohio entrepreneur topping AG Yost with a 52-18 percent margin while the since withdrawn State Treasurer Robert Sprague posted two percent preference. (Mr. Sprague, term-limited in the coming election as Ohio’s Treasurer, quickly dropped out of the Governor’s race and instead entered the open Secretary of State’s contest endorsing Ramaswamy as he exited.)

While all of the released public polls basically arrive at the same conclusion, NPA provided further information in their survey analysis that attempts to cast the largely uniform results in a different political light.

According to NPA partner Justin Clark, “our findings indicate that this early advantage is a ‘sugar high’ driven by a pre-inauguration media saturation that led to high name ID and perceived association with President Trump. That said, even at this high point of public opinion, polling support for Ramaswamy is incredibly soft. Beyond the temporal component of his losing the “sugar high” after quitting the Trump administration before it even started, the survey is clear that voters align closest to the candidate that receives the backing of President Trump … whoever that candidate is.”

We now know who Trump will endorse and it’s Ramaswamy. The Yost pollsters clearly understand the impact of presidential support in the Republican primary as their polling analysis explains.

After a series of unreleased push questions that constituted what NPA described as the “informed ballot” brought Yost within one point of Ramaswamy, the horse race question was then asked to determine what effect Trump endorsing the Attorney General would have on the primary election. If such were the case, Yost would pull ahead of Ramaswamy, 42-22 percent; hence, the power of an early Trump endorsement.

In terms of the favorability index, President Trump maintains an 82-16 percent positive to negative ratio and Vice President and former Ohio Sen. J.D. Vance scores an almost identical 81:16 percent. Ramaswamy posts a 64:15 percent score, which is better than newly elected Sen. Bernie Moreno (65:22 percent), and Attorney General Yost (53:14 percent), though all the sampled Republican primary voters viewed each tested figure very favorably.

Clearly, Ramaswamy wants to deliver an early knockout blow, and it appears he has the assets to make that happen. With a big lead in early polling and, as of yesterday, Trump’s endorsement, it appears the former presidential candidate has the package he needs to secure the Republican nomination. With that, he will have the inside track for the general election in a state that is trending more Republican.

The only Democrat to so far announce for Governor is former Ohio Health Department director Amy Acton. Other, and likely stronger, potential candidates are waiting in the wings. It is unclear if any or all of the following would make a gubernatorial run, but some from this group are likely to try.

Those Democrats mentioned as considering a bid for Governor are: former Senator Sherrod Brown, Cincinnati Mayor Aftab Pureval, Cleveland Mayor Justin Bibb, Columbus Mayor Andy Ginther, state Supreme Court Justice and former Secretary of State Jennifer Brunner, and former Congressman, 2016 presidential candidate, and 2022 US Senate nominee Tim Ryan.

Early Senate Campaign Breaks

By Jim Ellis — Thursday, Feb. 20, 2025

Senate

While the 2026 Senate map favors the Democrats when examining the ratio of each party’s offensive opportunities — Republicans must defend 22 seats as opposed to just 13 for the Democrats — yet in the early going we see three Democratic states already moving into the vulnerability realm.

It was assumed that both parties would begin the cycle tasked with at least one obvious defensive campaign — North Carolina for the Republicans (Sen. Thom Tillis running for re-election) and Georgia for the Democrats.

Three Peach State polls, all conducted since the first of the year, were recently released. The most current, from Quantas Insights (Feb. 11-13; 800 registered Georgia voters; opt-in online panel), again slotted Gov. Brian Kemp (R) running ahead of first-term Sen. Jon Ossoff (D). According to the ballot test, Gov. Kemp held a 48-45 percent edge.

In the two other polls, the Tyson Group survey (Jan. 30-31; 600 likely Georgia voters; live interview & online panel) posted Gov. Kemp to a 49-42 percent advantage. WPA Intelligence also surveyed the Georgia electorate. This poll, executed in mid-January (Jan. 14-15; 500 likely Georgia general election voters; live interview), also found Gov. Kemp topping Sen. Ossoff and within the same point spread realm. In the WPA study, the margin is six percentage points, 46-40 percent.

In other ballot tests within the same polling questionnaires, Sen. Ossoff was paired with potential Republican candidates other than Gov. Kemp. The Senator led in all instances with a range between eight and 16 percentage points. At this point, Gov. Kemp has not yet confirmed that he will run for the Senate.

Within the past three weeks, two surprising announcements were made that significantly changed the 2026 Senate election cycle. Michigan Sen. Gary Peters (D) unexpectedly announced on Jan. 29 that he would not seek re-election. Two weeks later, Minnesota Sen. Tina Smith (D) also declared her intention to retire at the end of the current Congress.

Considering the 2024 Michigan Senate race was decided by just 19,008 votes, and with a Senate and Governor’s race both in open status simultaneously for the first time in the Wolverine State’s modern political era, the 2026 statewide races are expected to be hot targets.

Michigan’s EPIC-MRA polling firm quickly went into the field after the Peters announcement (Feb. 3-8; 600 likely Michigan general election voters) and found former Rep. Mike Rogers, the Republican 2024 Senate candidate who came within three-tenths of one percentage points of victory, leading former US Transportation Secretary Pete Buttigieg by a 47-41 percent count. Buttigieg is running substantially ahead of prospective Democratic candidates in early primary polling.

The Minnesota situation is quite different. While we haven’t yet seen any definitive polling, we are witnessing the potential of top Democratic elected officials squaring off against each other to run for the open Senate seat.

Lt. Gov. Peggy Flanagan is the first to declare her candidacy. Gov. Tim Walz, who is eligible to run for a third term, is also expressing interest in the Senate seat. On Tuesday, it was reported in the Down Ballot political blog that Rep. Angie Craig (D-Prior Lake), giving no indication that she would yield to either Gov. Walz or Lt. Gov. Flanagan, is confirming her interest in possibly becoming a Senate candidate.

Therefore, should this high level multi-candidate Democratic primary develop, such a campaign could become divisive. In an August primary with a short general election cycle, it is probable that the eventual nominee would be more vulnerable than usual in a Minnesota general election campaign.

While other offensive opportunities will certainly open for Senate Democrats in other states, the beginning of this new election cycle has already provided the GOP with some apparent early breaks.

Pete Buttigieg Leads in Michigan Democratic Primary Senate Poll

By Jim Ellis — Wednesday, Feb. 12, 2025

Senate

Former US Transportation Secretary Pete Buttigieg / Photo by Matt Johnson

A new Michigan Democratic primary poll suggests that former US Transportation Secretary Pete Buttigieg is the man to beat for the party nomination to succeed retiring Sen. Gary Peters (D).

The Blueprint Polling firm tested a likely Michigan Democratic voting segment (Jan. 30-Feb. 2; 536 likely Michigan Democratic primary voters; SMS text) and sees Buttigieg topping Attorney General Dana Nessel 40-16 percent in a hypothetical 2026 primary poll. Reps. Haley Stevens (D-Birmingham), Hillary Scholten (D-Grand Rapids), and state Sen. Mallory McMorrow (D-Royal Oak Township) all trail “in low single digits,” according to the Blueprint analysis.

Sen. McMorrow is the only individual who has formally announced for the Senate from either party, but the aforementioned have all confirmed they are considering entering the race. Lt. Gov. Garlin Gilcrest (D) was included in this poll but last week announced that he will not run for the Senate. He is projected as virtually certain to enter the open Governor’s contest.

Buttigieg has the highest name identification and favorability index of the tested potential contenders within this Democratic sampling universe. He posts 88 percent name recognition with a 77:12 favorable to unfavorable split. Attorney General Nessel is close behind with an 82 percent name recognition score and a similar 72:10 positive index. A total of 56 percent questioned could identify Lt. Gov. Gilcrest, and 45 percent responded with a favorable impression. The remaining potential candidates all had low statewide name ID.

Buttigieg does particularly well with white Democrats (47-16 percent over Nessel), the highly educated (47-15 percent versus Nessel), liberals (47-18 percent against Nessel), and non-union workers (44-14 percent opposite Nessel). The former Transportation Secretary fared poorly with blacks, however, trailing both Nessel and Gilcrest (22-19-16 percent).

Sen. McMorrow and the two Representatives, should either or both enter the statewide race, would have a long way to go in becoming competitive for the nomination. Tested against AG Nessel, Rep. Stevens would even lose her own 11th Congressional District by 15 percentage points, while Rep. Scholten would lead Nessel 28-21 percent in her 3rd CD but trails badly elsewhere. Sen. McMorrow lags seven points behind AG Nessel among those who know and have an opinion of both women.

According to the Blueprint analysis scenarios, Buttigieg would be in an enviable position for the Democratic Party nomination should he become a Senate candidate. The pollsters conclude, “Pete Buttigieg is the overwhelming front-runner. He struggles with Black voters and nearly a third of the electorate remains undecided, but his strength with educated voters and white liberals makes him the odds-on favorite to win the nomination.”

The Blueprint pollsters did not test any of the Democratic candidates against prospective Republican candidates such as former Congressman Mike Rogers, who came within 19,006 votes of winning the state’s other Senate seat in the 2024 election.

With Buttigieg faring poorly with black voters and considering that now-Sen. Elissa Slotkin (D) is more popular than the former Transportation Secretary with the general electorate, it appears Rogers would be in strong position should he mount another attempt in the coming midterm election.

Previously, Republicans as a whole tended to fare better in midterm elections when compared to their presidential year performance, but considering the changing dynamics within the Michigan and national electorates such may no longer be the case. It does appear that the country is entering a realignment phase, but it will take at least two more elections to see if such change becomes a trend or is merely an anomaly found only in 2024.

Irrespective of who becomes the eventual Michigan US Senate nominees, the open Wolverine State race will be one of the top targets for both national parties.

North Carolina Senate:
Another Tight Race Forecast

By Jim Ellis — Monday, Dec. 23, 2024

Senate

North Carolina Sen. Thom Tillis (R-NC)

Tar Heel State Sen. Thom Tillis (R) stands for re-election to a third term in 2026, and another tough campaign is looming for him on the political horizon. In fact, history shows us that the preponderance of North Carolina political contests end in razor-thin victory margins.

Looking at the key statewide races since and including 2016, the winning percentages were as follows: 2016 President (Trump 49.8 percent); 2016 Senate (Burr 51.1 percent); 2016 Governor (Cooper 49.0 percent); 2020 President (Trump 49.9) percent; 2020 Senate (Tillis 49.9 percent); 2020 Governor (Cooper 51.5 percent); 2022 Senate (Budd 50.5 percent); 2024 President (Trump 50.9 percent).

As you can see, regardless of political party affiliation or even incumbency, a typical North Carolina campaign is extremely close. Therefore, Sen. Tillis can expect another close finish in 2026 especially if his Democratic opponent is outgoing Gov. Roy Cooper, which is a distinct possibility. Gov. Cooper is also speculated upon as a potential 2028 presidential candidate.

Sen. Tillis, the former Speaker of the North Carolina House of Representatives, was originally elected to the Senate in 2014 when he unseated then-Sen. Kay Hagan (D) with 48.8 percent of the vote in another close electoral contest that ended in a 1.5 percentage point victory spread for the GOP challenger.

In 2020, Sen. Tillis trailed in the polls for almost the entire campaign, but rebounded to defeat Democrat Cal Cunningham after the latter man was caught in an ongoing extramarital affair. Sen. Tillis would post a two-point win but fell short of the 50 percent mark.

According to the Real Clear Politics polling archives, 28 surveys were conducted of the 2020 NC Senate race during the final month of the campaign. Cunningham led in 24 of the polls, and Sen. Tillis in only two, while two results found the men tied. The associated negative publicity relating to Cunningham’s extramarital affair helped turn the race Tillis’ way, along with the pollsters consistently under-counting the Republican support factor which is often the case in the southern states.

In 2026, it is conceivable that Sen. Tillis may face primary opposition, particularly if he decides to oppose one or more of the Trump cabinet nominees. Previously, Tillis had little trouble in his primaries, however.

He received 78 percent of the vote in 2020 and won a crowded initial primary in 2014 with 45.7 percent of the vote against seven Republican opponents. North Carolina has a 30 percent runoff law, so it is unlikely that a 2026 primary will produce a field of candidates with low enough support to force a secondary election. Therefore, expect a nominee to come forth through one intra-party election in both parties.

While Gov. Cooper would be the Democratic leadership’s first choice to oppose Sen. Tillis, there is no guarantee that he will run, possibly due to the lure of an open Democratic presidential primary season beginning just weeks after the 2026 midterm elections conclude.

Rep. Wiley Nickel (D-Cary) didn’t seek a second term in the House because his 13th Congressional District turned red in the 2023 redistricting plan. Instead, Nickel announced that he would bypass a 2024 re-election campaign in order to challenge Sen. Tillis in 2026. Therefore, the Democrats are guaranteed of having at least one credible candidate to make a Senate run in the next statewide election.

In the 2026 Senate races, Republicans will be in a defensive position similar to the way Democrats were defending themselves in ’24. Counting the yet-to-be named Senators from Ohio and Florida when Sens. J.D. Vance (R-OH) and Marco Rubio (R-FL) assume their new positions as Vice President and Secretary of State and resign from the Senate, Republicans will be defending 22 seats and Democrats only 13. In the 2024 election, Democrats had to defend 23 seats as compared to the Republicans’ 11.

Clearly, the North Carolina race, mostly due to the state’s voter history that features such close elections, will be at the top of the Democrats’ conversion target list. Therefore, we can count on paying close attention to the Tar Heel State race throughout the entire election cycle.

Collins vs. Mills in Maine? Potential Senate Challenger to Lindsey Graham; Lara Trump Destroys Sen. Tillis in New Poll; Tenn. Gov Race

By Jim Ellis — Thursday, Dec. 5, 2024

Senate

Maine Sen. Susan Collins (R)

Maine: Collins vs. Mills? — Maine Gov. Janet Mills (D) did not close the door on a 2026 challenge to Sen. Susan Collins (R-ME) when asked about the possibility late last week, but other comments and circumstances suggest that she is unlikely to launch such a campaign. In any event, expect the Democrats to field a strong candidate against Sen. Collins even if they fail to entice Gov. Mills into running.

As an aside, the governor was actually laudatory in a comment about Sen. Collins becoming the chair of the Senate Appropriations Committee. Gov. Mills stated that she is “pleased” Collins will have her new position and termed it as “an asset for the State of Maine.” These are not quite the comments one might expect from a future political opponent.

South Carolina: Potential Challenger to Sen. Graham — Rep. Ralph Norman (R-Rock Hill), who in November was just re-elected to his fifth term in the US House, is confirming reports that he is considering a Republican primary challenge to Sen. Lindsey Graham or entering what will be an open race for governor. In the latter race, incumbent Henry McMaster (R) is ineligible to seek a third full term.

Both races would be considered uphill. While Rep. Norman is more conservative than Sen. Graham, the latter man has a strong relationship with President-Elect Donald Trump. Therefore, what might normally be considered a Trump endorsement for Norman may not materialize in this case. For governor, the potential leading candidate is two-term Attorney General Alan Wilson (R), son of veteran Congressman Joe Wilson (R-Springdale). Another reported potential gubernatorial candidate is Rep. Nancy Mace (R-Charleston).

North Carolina: Lara Trump Destroys Sen. Tillis in New Poll — The Victory Insights data organization surveyed the North Carolina electorate about the upcoming 2026 US Senate race, and a Republican primary battle between Sen. Thom Tillis and Republican National Committee Co-Chair Lara Trump would break decidedly toward the challenger. In the general election, both Sen. Tillis and Lara Trump would each trail outgoing Gov. Roy Cooper (D) by one percentage point according to the VI data.

Victory Insights (Nov. 26-27 & 29; 800 registered North Carolina voters; interactive voice response system & text) finds that among an undisclosed sample of Republican primary voters, Trump, a native of North Carolina, would easily defeat Sen. Tillis in the GOP primary by a whopping 64-11 percent count. At this point, there is no indication that she would run, but this poll is certainly a warning sign for Sen. Tillis.

Governor

Tennessee: Rep. Burchett Considering Gov Race — Tennessee Gov. Bill Lee (R) is another of the state chief executives who is ineligible to seek re-election, thereby the Volunteer State will also feature an open governor’s campaign. Even before the 2024 election, Rep. John Rose (R-Cookeville) made clear his intention to run for governor. Now, Rep. Tim Burchett (R-Knoxville) is also confirming that he, too, is considering a run for the state’s top job.

We are sure to see crowded open seat gubernatorial primaries in both parties around the country in 2026. It already appears that Tennessee will certainly feature a hot contest to succeed Gov. Lee.

Polling Accuracy

By Jim Ellis — Tuesday, Nov. 19, 2024

Polling

President-Elect Donald Trump / Photo by Gage Skidmore

There has been a great deal of controversial discussion about the 2024 political polling. Many continue to raise questions about the major polling firms’ cumulative accuracy rating, but is the criticism fair?

The perception that the polling industry missed President-Elect Donald Trump’s “landslide” win is not particularly accurate. Though Trump swept the battleground states, the margins were close, and virtually all of the 2024 presidential pollsters forecast close races in the critical states, which is the end result.

A typical polling margin of error is three percentage points. Using this as the accuracy scale, the Real Clear Politics polling average suggests that across the battleground board, the average survey fell within such a range.

In national polling, the ending Real Clear Politics average found Kamala Harris cumulatively leading by the smallest of margins, at 0.1 percent. These numbers include 24 polls from 14 different polling organizations.

While they did miss the projection of which candidate was leading, the cumulative margin was well within the margin of error. Since Trump is winning the national popular vote by 1.8 percentage points, the polling community average of 0.1 point separating the two candidate was a miss of 1.9 percentage points, but well within the margin of error.

In the battleground states, the least accurate polling came in Arizona. There, the Real Clear Politics average suggested a 2.8 percent lead for Trump, but he carried the state by a 5.5 percent margin. This was a 2.7 point miss.

The other states where the polling mark was two points off or more came in North Carolina and Nevada. The NC polling average suggested a Trump win margin of 1.2 percentage points. In actuality, the president-elect carried the state by 3.2 percent. In Nevada, the miss was a bit worse.

Pollsters pegged Trump with a lead of 0.6 percent, but he carried the Silver State with a 3.1 percent margin, thus the cumulative miss was 2.5 points.

The most accurate of the state presidential polling came in Georgia. The average projection suggested a Trump lead of 1.3 percent, but he won the state with a 2.2-point margin. Thus, the average poll figure missed the actual result by 0.9 points, again well within the polling margin of error.

In the seven battleground states, the polling community correctly projected five of the seven Trump wins. The two misses were Michigan and Wisconsin, but both fell only a half-point or less off the pace.

The one consistent error point in all of the battleground states, and nationally, was underestimating the Republican vote strength. This has been a consistent pattern during the Trump era, and it happened again in 2024 but to a lesser degree.

The numbers in the 11 competitive Senate races were not as accurate as the presidential projections.

The least accurately polled state was Florida where Sen. Rick Scott (R) recorded almost a 13-point victory, yet the polling average for his race against former Congresswoman Debbie Mucarsel-Powell (D) suggested a much closer outcome. The two were separated by an average of 4.6 points in Sen. Scott’s favor.

A similar pattern, but to a lesser degree, occurred in Texas. For most of the race, the polling average showed a close race between Sen. Ted Cruz (R) and Rep. Colin Allred (D-Dallas), but the end result proved different. While polling found Cruz extending his small lead within the race’s final stage to an average of 4.4 points, the end result yielded the two-term senator an 8.6 percent win, meaning a polling miss of 4.2 points, well outside the polling margin of error and far beyond the early race pattern.

The most accurately polled Senate race was Arizona, where the cumulative average found Rep. Ruben Gallego (D-Phoenix) leading former news anchor Kari Lake (R) by an average of 2.6 points in the later stages of the race, after he posted larger early advantages. Gallego would win the statewide race by 2.4 percentage points meaning a polling miss of only 0.2 percent.

As in the presidential race, the consistent polling flaw was under-counting the Republican support. In 10 of the 11 monitored races, the Republican candidate exceeded the suggested polling support figure. The only contest where the Republican candidate failed to top the polling average came in Montana where challenger Tim Sheehy (R) defeated Sen. Jon Tester (D) by 7.1 percentage points. The polling average in the race’s latter stage was 7.6 percent.

The polling community correctly projected the Senate winner in 10 of the 11 monitored races. The only contender to defy the polling projections was Pennsylvania Republican David McCormick (R) who many media outlets have projected as a winner opposite Sen. Bob Casey Jr. (D). The race is in a recount where McCormick maintains a lead of better than 25,000 votes.

For the most part, the repeated polling criticism is exaggerated. Overall, the pollsters had a relatively good year, and did correctly see the Trump polling trend in that he won the battleground states and the national popular vote by largely predicted close margins. The consistent underestimating of Republican support, however, does indicate future methodology correction is warranted.

The Election Keys

By Jim Ellis — Tuesday, Nov. 5, 2024

2024 Election

When election results are released tonight, several states and districts are worth monitoring because they could provide clues as to what may happen in the rest of the country.

In the presidential race, the first state to follow is North Carolina. With its 16 electoral votes, North Carolina is of critical importance to former President Donald Trump’s campaign. He must win the Tar Heel State. If Vice President Kamala Harris pulls an upset here, the election is effectively over as this would be considered an early round knockout and effectively clinch her national victory.

From Trump’s perspective, the college basketball tournament metaphor is applicable. North Carolina is akin to the first round. Here, Trump must win and advance.

The second key state is Georgia. Similar to North Carolina, a Harris victory here would likely clinch the national election. For Trump, Georgia is analogous to the second round of the basketball tournament. Again, he must win here and advance.

Pennsylvania is the third state to observe. In a way, this is the championship round for Trump. If he wins in North Carolina and Georgia, a Pennsylvania victory would clinch him the national election. Holding North Carolina and converting Georgia and Pennsylvania would allow him to convert the minimum 35 electoral votes he needs to win the national election.

Because he is strong in the other 24 states and the 2nd District of Maine that voted for him twice in past campaigns, the North Carolina-Georgia-Pennsylvania trifecta would clinch 270 electoral votes, and with it, the presidency. For Harris to win, she must take at least one of the three aforementioned states.

The Senate races are currently in flux as more seats are coming into play. Republicans are favored to win the majority, but most of the states will be very close. West Virginia flipping to the Republicans in the person of Gov. Jim Justice will be the first step toward the GOP majority, and this race is virtually a foregone conclusion. A Justice victory here would move the Senate into a 50-50 tie.

The 51st Republican seat is likely to come in Montana where Sen. Jon Tester (D), trailing in virtually every poll from two to eight percentage points, is predicted to lose to retired Navy SEAL and aerospace company CEO Tim Sheehy. Since Montana is a western state and the results will come late into the evening, another state to watch is Ohio, where Sen. Sherrod Brown (D) appears to be teetering in a state that Trump will carry by 8-10 points.

Other tight Senate races in Pennsylvania, Michigan, and Wisconsin, are worth following. Democrats are still favored to win all, but the Republican candidate in each situation is closing fast.

The Republican majority plans will be upset if GOP senators Deb Fischer (R-NE) or Ted Cruz (R-TX) lose their seats in Nebraska and Texas. A Fischer loss would be particularly devastating because she does not even have a Democratic opponent — rather, a strong Independent, Dan Osborn, with backing now from establishment Democrats has a chance to unseat Sen. Fischer who, heretofore, was expected to glide to re-election.

In the House, while Democrats may be slight favorites to wrest the majority away from Republicans, the margin could be as small as one seat. An early evening seat to watch lies in western Connecticut where District 5 Rep. Jahana Hayes (D-Wolcott) is again in a tight battle versus former state Sen. George Logan (R). Rep. Hayes outlasted Logan by just a percentage point in 2022 and, while she is favored to win again, a Logan upset could be a harbinger of other races to come.

Another Eastern time zone seat to watch is in Union County, New Jersey where freshman Rep. Tom Kean Jr. (R-Westfield) battles former Working Parties Executive Director Sue Altman (D) in the state’s 7th CD. Rep. Kean should win this race, but an Altman upset would definitely signal a good night for Democrats.

Moving to the western part in the Eastern time zone brings us to Michigan. Three toss-up races lie there, two of which are open Democratic seats. Should either Republican Tom Barrett or Paul Junge, or both, win close contests in Districts 7 and 8, another good Republican sign would unfold since both campaigns would be conversion victories.

In Michigan District 10, freshman Rep. John James (R-Farmington Hills) fights to hold his politically marginal seat against the man he defeated by less than a percentage point in 2022, retired judge and prosecutor Carl Marlinga. A Democratic victory here to unseat Rep. James would be a major win for them and be a further signal of an impending new Democratic majority.

As we move further west, counting gets slower and political overtime will loom large. Once we get to the many competitive races on the Pacific coast, it is a virtual certainty that it will be weeks before final numbers are released after signature verification of millions of mail ballots is completed.

Just a few days from the election, it is clear that the House outcome could still favor either party. Even at this late date, both are still in position to score legislative trifectas, where the same party controls the presidency, the Senate, and the House. Or, we could just as easily return to divided government. The most likely House scenario features a multitude of close races with many not being decided until well into November.

Early Voting Wrap Up; Iowa Polling Disparity; Pennsylvania Swinging Towards Trump; Arizona Senate Race Closer Than Expected; Michigan’s Mirror Images; Virginia Outlier Poll

Review data on: TargetSmart

By Jim Ellis — Monday, Nov. 4, 2024

Early Voting Wrap Up

Early Gender Numbers: Analysts Missing the Point — News reports are covering the early vote totals and report after report states that women are voting in greater numbers than men. While the raw numbers indicate such, the historical trends suggest something slightly different.

When comparing the gender participation segments from the previous presidential year of 2020 to this year, women are up just two-tenths of one percent while men, compared to their previous performance in a presidential year, are up one-half of a percentage point. This data comes from the Target Early/TargetSmart organization and is based upon more than 55 million early votes cast (at this writing) for the 2024 election.

Compared to the 2022 midterm, women are up slightly more than half a point, while men are down by that same amount. Perhaps the more significant finding is the increase in rural voting that appears evident around the country and the decrease detected in urban voter participation.

Closings: Early Voting Ends in All Seven Battlegrounds — All seven battleground states have concluded their early voting periods, and generally the results appear to be better for Republicans than past early voting years. The move to get their voters to the polls early looks to have produced results for the GOP.

The two biggest swings come in North Carolina and Nevada where, for the first time in history, more Republicans have voted early than Democrats. The Arizona vote count looks good for the GOP, too. The Harris campaign likely is pleased with what they see coming from Michigan and especially Wisconsin. Republican early turnout in the Badger State appears particularly low. Georgia and Pennsylvania show mixed patterns, meaning we are likely again headed for very close finishes in both of those states.

The early vote data is collected and reported by the TargetEarly/TargetSmart organization.

President

Iowa: Des Moines Register Poll Sees Lead Change — The Des Moines Register/Mediacom Poll is always viewed as the gold standard of Iowa prediction models. Their pre-election survey (Oct. 28-31; 808 likely Iowa voters; live interview) finds Vice President Kamala Harris all of a sudden leading Donald Trump, 47-44 percent, largely because of a huge break toward the former among women, particularly those who are aged 65 and older.

Yet, simultaneously, Emerson College released their Iowa survey and finds a much different result, one that is more in line with previous data. The Emerson survey (Nov. 1-2; 800 likely Iowa voters; multiple sampling techniques) sees former President Donald Trump holding a nine point lead, 54-45 percent. This is also closer to Iowa voting history. In 2016, Trump carried the state 51-42%, and 53-45% in 2020.

An Iowa win for Harris would turn the electoral map topsy turvy and potentially send the final result on a completely different course. This situation bears watching as we close in on election day. Iowa has six electoral votes.

Pennsylvania: Swinging Towards Trump — A total of six current polls from five different Keystone State pollsters all find former President Donald Trump leading Vice President Kamala Harris in Pennsylvania ballot test results. The range is relatively wide.

The Echelon Insights survey (Oct. 27-30; 600 likely Pennsylvania voters; live interview & text) posts Trump to a 51-46 percent count on the multi-candidate ballot. The poll swinging the most from that result comes from Fox News (Oct. 24-28; 1,057 likely Pennsylvania voters; live interview & online) and suggests the two candidates are tied with 48 percent apiece.

Viewed together, the two are a good example of how different pollsters can arrive at significantly different results even when testing the same race during the same relative time frame. With so many polls showing many different outcomes regarding the various campaigns, it is now time to sit back and let the actual votes determine the final result.

Senate

Arizona: Closer Than Expected — Earlier this week, we covered a new poll regarding the Arizona Senate race that posted former news anchor Kari Lake (R) running slightly ahead of Rep. Ruben Gallego (D-Phoenix) in the open Senate race. The poll, which forecast Lake holding a one-point edge, came from the Data Orbital firm over the Oct. 26-28 period.

Now, we see another survey arriving at the same conclusion. AtlasIntel released their latest Arizona poll (Oct. 30-31; 1,005 likely Arizona voters) and the conclusion was identical to that of the previous Data Orbital survey, that being Lake holding a small one-point lead.

Two other pollsters were also in the field during the similar period. Another AtlasIntel survey was conducted during the Oct. 25-29 period, and they saw the opposite result: Rep. Gallego leading by the same one-point margin. A fourth poll was also introduced (Noble Predictive Insights; Oct. 28-30; 775 likely Arizona voters) and this ballot test returned Rep. Gallego to a four-point edge.

While all the polls before October gave Gallego substantial leads, there is now significant data showing a closing of the race. Though Rep. Gallego is still the likely winner, this race may now join a couple of the Arizona House races in political overtime.

Michigan: Mirror Images — Two surveys were released of the Michigan electorate that ended on the same day and produced the same 49-47 percent ballot test conclusion, except each found a different candidate reaching the 49 percent figure. Mitchell Research and Communications, polling for the Michigan News Source (Oct. 28-29; sample size undisclosed) sees former Congressman Mike Rogers (R) with the slight lead, while AtlasIntel (Oct. 25-29; 983 likely Michigan voters) arrived at the opposite conclusion. The latter finds Rep. Elissa Slotkin (D-Lansing) clinging to the two-point edge.

This is an excellent example of two professional pollsters testing the same electorate at the same time and arriving at an opposite conclusion. This makes us remember that polls give us a broad snapshot within a stated margin of error at the time a survey is conducted and reminds us that surveys are meant to show trends over a long period as opposed to who might be leading a campaign at a given time.

Virginia: Outlier Poll Finds Hung Cao Down 1 — In another strange polling situation, one even the conducting pollsters admit is probably an outlier, Virginia US Senate candidate Hung Cao (R) has pulled into just one point of Sen. Tim Kaine (D) on the Chism Strategies survey (10/28-30; 520 VA likely voters; live interview & text; part of a three state series), 46-45%. No other data shows such a close result.

Two other late October polls (Oct. 25-29), conducted by Roanoke College and the Cygnal polling firm, see double digit leads (11 and 10 points, respectively), which is consistent with projections that Sen. Kaine will easily win re-election. As a point of reference, the Chism poll also sees a close Virginia presidential race. Their ballot test finds Harris and Trump effectively in a tie. This, too is refuted by other pollsters.

House

ME-2: A Huge Polling Range — Continuing the theme of divergent polling, we see another example in northern Maine where Rep. Jared Golden (D-Lewiston) is in a tough re-election battle with Republican state representative and former NASCAR driver Austin Theriault.

Survey USA, conducting a statewide poll (Oct. 24-29; 1,079 likely Maine voters; 484 likely ME-2 voters; online), finds Rep. Golden posting a 53-41 percent lead over Theriault even while Trump leads Harris, 49-44 percent in the same district, a CD that the former has carried in both of his previous elections.

In another survey taken during a slightly earlier period, Axis Research, polling for the National Republican Congressional Committee (Oct. 17-20; 411 likely ME-2 voters; live interview & text), actually sees Theriault leading 47-45 percent. Therefore, we see a 14-point polling span between these two studies. With so many surveys being released at the end of the cycle, it is rather routine to see data results producing wildly comparative swings, and the final days of the 2024 election is apparently no exception to such a trend.

Senate Races Tightening

By Jim Ellis — Friday, Nov. 1, 2024

Senate

Former news anchor and 2024 Senate GOP nominee Kari Lake. Photo by Gage Skidmore

As the election cycle culminates, recent polling is showing no less than seven US Senate races all within two percentage points or less.

After a summer of substantially trailing US Rep. Ruben Gallego (D-Phoenix) in the open Arizona Senate race, a trio of polls find former Phoenix news anchor Kari Lake (R) narrowing the gap between the two contenders.

The three surveys, from The Trafalgar Group, Data Orbital, and AtlasIntel, all taken during the Oct. 24-29 period with sampling universes ranging between 550 and 1,458, produce ballot test scores with Lake closing to within four points (Trafalgar) and one point (AtlasIntel), and with her actually leading by a point (Data Orbital) in the final survey.

The AtlasIntel group has conducted a series of Senate polls. In Michigan (Oct. 25-29; 983 likely Michigan voters) the pollsters see Rep. Elissa Slotkin’s (D-Lansing) lead over former US Rep. Mike Rogers (R) dropping to just two percentage points, 49-47 percent.

The New York Times and Siena College tested the surprisingly tight Nebraska race where Independent Dan Osborn is challenging two-term Republican Sen. Deb Fischer. The poll (Oct. 23-26; 1,194 likely Nebraska voters) finds a two-point lead for the incumbent, which is a rebound from other studies that showed her trailing. The ballot test yields Fischer a 48-46 percent margin.

The Trafalgar Group research organization also finds that the Nevada race between Sen. Jacky Rosen (D) and Afghan War veteran Sam Brown (R) is closing to within two points, a major change in a contest where the incumbent appeared to have a secure lead. The Trafalgar data (Oct. 25-28; 1,082 likely Nevada voters) projects Sen. Rosen leading, 47-45 percent.

Trafalgar also returned results for the Ohio Senate race featuring Sen. Sherrod Brown (D) and businessman Bernie Moreno (R). This poll (Oct. 25-28; 1,127 likely Ohio voters) sees the senator leading with a bare edge of 48-47 percent.

AtlasIntel tested the tight Pennsylvania race (Oct. 25-29; 1,299 likely Pennsylvania voters) and they also see a two-point race evolving. The ballot test gives Sen. Bob Casey Jr. (D) a 49-47 percent margin over GOP businessman and retired hedge fund CEO David McCormick.

From Oct. 20-27, eight polls from eight different polling firms were conducted of the Wisconsin Senate race. In one of the surveys, both Sen. Tammy Baldwin (D) and businessman Eric Hovde (R) were tied. In the other seven polls, the margin is one point. Sen. Baldwin led in five of the surveys, while the OnMessage and Insider Advantage firms found Hovde holding the slight edge. The bottom line is that this race is effectively a dead heat.

As we approach Election Day, we see not only the Senate races getting closer, but the presidential contest coming down to just a few electoral votes in a limited number of states, and a House majority that could literally be decided by one or two campaigns.

Even at this late date, it is still possible for both parties to capture a legislative trifecta. That is, where one party controls the White House, the Senate, and the House of Representatives. Should Vice President Kamala Harris win the presidency, and either Sens. Fischer or Ted Cruz (R-TX) go down and/or Sen. Jon Tester rebounds (D) and pulls a come-from-behind win in the Montana race, the Democrats could conceivably retain Senate chamber control. In the House, the Democrats could certainly score a close majority.

Conversely, former President Donald Trump could win the presidency and Republicans almost certainly flip West Virginia and Montana Senate races, and possibly one or two more from the list above. With momentum at the top of the ticket, the House battles could see a more favorable turnout pattern thus allowing enough GOP challengers to prevail and retain their slight majority. This would create a Republican trifecta.

At this point, where the campaigns are almost complete and all that remains is the counting, as much uncertainty remains today as was present at the beginning of the election cycle.